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The 6th International Ah Receptor Meeting: Research, Prevention, Therapy. Special Issue In 1976, nearly 50 years ago, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was discovered as a protein that binds to dioxin and mediates its toxicity. Since then, a multitude of studies has shown that the AHR is not only activated by environmental pollutants to regulate xenobiotic metabolism but also by dietary polyphenols, microbial metabolites and endogenous metabolites. Accordingly, AHR was found to orchestrate a variety of molecular processes and cellular functions essential for proper development and physiology. Hyperactivation or dysregulation of AHR signaling pathways is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Hence AHR has become an attractive target for drug development. The latter, however, is often impeded by the Janus-faced behavior of AHR: Whereas a ligand-driven activation of AHR may help to improve or prevent some
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